Many people have encountered the new clothing only through a few times or just gently fall, grinding the clothing on the situation of damage; and some old clothes even if worn for a long time is only the colour of the old, the whole is in a state of good condition! This is due to what kind of performance of clothing? This is the abrasion resistance of textiles, come and learn about it!
Fabric wear refers to the repeated friction between the fabric or with other substances, the fabric gradually wear and tear phenomenon, and the textile abrasion resistance test principle refers to the textile in the role of repeated mechanical friction, resistance to wear and tear ability.
Fabrics in the process of use, will be subject to a variety of different external factors, especially often with the surrounding objects in contact with the project friction, resulting in different degrees of wear and tear or even damage to the fabrics, affecting their use of performance.
Detecting the abrasion resistance of fabrics can improve the utilisation efficiency of textiles and is an important indicator of textile product quality.
Wear performance
1 The friction process between the fibres constantly collision, the fibre fragments in the yarn due to fatigue damage appear fracture, resulting in the breakage of the yarn.
2 Fibres are drawn out from the fabric, resulting in the loosening of the yarn and fabric structure, and the fibres may be pulled out completely under repeated action, resulting in thinning of the yarn, thinning of the fabric, or even disintegration.
3 Fibres are cut and broken, resulting in the breakage of the yarn.
4 Fibre surface abrasion, the fibre surface layer appears to be lost in fragments.
5 friction produces high temperature, so that the fibre produces melting or plastic deformation, affecting the structure and mechanical properties of the fibre.
Wear and tear manifested in the form of fabric changes are mainly broken, the loss of quality, the appearance of discolouration, pilling and other changes.
Common Test Standards
Chinese Standard
GB/T21196.2-2007 Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Textiles by Martindale (Martindale) Method for Textiles Part 2: Determination of Specimen Breakage
GB/T21196.3-2007 “Determination of abrasion resistance of textiles by Martindale method for textiles Part 3: Determination of mass loss
GB/T21196.4-2007 “Determination of abrasion resistance of textiles by Martindale method Part 4: Evaluation of appearance change”.
International Standard
ISO12947.2-1998 “Determination of abrasion resistance of textiles by the Martindale method Part 2: Determination of specimen breakage”.
ISO12947.3-1998 “Determination of the resistance of textiles to abrasion by the Martindale method Part 3: Determination of quality loss”.
ISO 12947.4-1998 “Determination of the resistance of textiles to abrasion by the Martindale method Part 4: Evaluation of changes in appearance”.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards
ASTMD4966-2010 Martindale Abrasion Tester for Textile Abrasion Resistance Testing
European Union Standard
ENISO12947-2:1998 “Determination of abrasion resistance of textiles by the Martindale method for textiles Part 2: Determination of breakage of specimens
ENISO12947-3: 1998 “Determination of abrasion resistance of textiles by the Martindale method for textiles Part 3: Determination of mass loss”.
EN ISO 12947-4: 1998 “Determination of the resistance of textiles to abrasion by the Martindale method Part 4: Evaluation of changes in appearance”.
Factors affecting the abrasion resistance of fabrics
Fabric organisation
The organisational structure of the fabric determines the degree of compactness and thickness of the fabric, which has a significant effect on its abrasion resistance, plain weave organisation > twill weave organisation > satin weave organisation.
Geometric structure of textile
The thickness of the fabric, warp and weft density, weight per unit area, apparent density of the fabric and hair content.
Generally speaking, the thicker the fabric, the higher the warp and weft density, the higher the weight per unit area, the higher the apparent density, and the higher the hair content, the better the abrasion resistance; conversely, the abrasion resistance is poor.
Fibre type
Generally speaking, the size of fibre abrasion resistance is as follows: polyamide > polypropylene > polyvinyl chloride > polyethylene glycol > polyester > acrylic > polyvinyl chloride > wool > silk > cotton > linen > rich fibre > copper-ammonia fibre > viscose fibre > vinyl ester fibre > glass fibre.
Fibre structure
Comparing from the fibre structure, the abrasion resistance of round cross-section structure fibre is higher than the strength of shaped fibre; the finer the fibre, the worse the abrasion resistance. Therefore, in order to improve the abrasion resistance, it is necessary to choose round cross-section fibres with good abrasion resistance as much as possible.
Finishing
Fabric finishing can affect the abrasion resistance of fabrics, combining physical and chemical methods to give fabrics a specific performance of finishing. For example, protective finishing: waterproof, fireproof, mildew, oil, cold, anti-pilling and anti-pilling.
